Does music work on the mind or the body Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Does music work on the mind or the body - Essay Example The most obvious property of music is its sound and this, in turn, is caused by actual occurrences in the physical world. Rodeway sums it up neatly when he writes: â€Å"The auditory sense is primarily physical rather than chemical. The sound is concerned with motion or activity, that is with vibration and resonance of substances (air, water, solids). (Rodoway: 1994, p. 90) The human ear is the main receiver of sound and is able to detect the movement of air and distinguish variations in the sounds that are produced. There are, however, other parts of the body that are involved in listening to music, because the ear is part of a perceptual system, involving the whole human organism and elements of the environment which the listener and the music share. Anyone who has attended a rock concert is very aware of the physical sensation of vibration which occurs when base sounds are emitted from huge speakers with great intensity: the whole upper body feels the vibrations. Some high pitche d sounds are painful, causing the eyes to tighten up and the body to cringe. Observation of humans and animals as they react to music and other sounds reveals that movement of the head and shoulders towards the source of a sound often occurs so that both ears can be used to help locate the distance and direction accurately. Some animals like foxes and dogs have ears that face forward and can be swiveled left and right to focus more closely. The physical properties of the space in which music occurs are also important in determining how sound is received.

Discuss the factors influencing the entrepreneurs demand for a Essay

Discuss the factors influencing the entrepreneurs demand for a specific source of finance at the startup stage, with respect to Meyers Pecking Order Hypothesi - Essay Example The following paragraphs explain what is in the mind of the managers when they decide whether to use the Pecking Order Model or the Trade -off Model are used. Myers (1984) stated that the company's managers have to exert all efforts to maintain the status quo in their dealings with the market. Thus, many the managers prefer to apply the pecking order theory than the trade off model in seeking additional funds to be used in their business operations (Scott, 1972;p. 45-50). The pecking order means that the company prioritises generating funds from internal sources. These internal sources include the net income or retained earnings from operations, dividend withheld from its stockholders (Baskin, 1989; pp. 26-35). If this choice is not possible, then the second source of income is borrowing money (Marsh, 1982; p. 121-144). The lenders become creditors and not owners of the company. If this second choice is also not possible, then the last choice would be to offer stocks to the public so that new investment money will flow in (Bradley, Jarrell and Kim, 1984;pp. 857-878). To reiterate, the pecking order is the preferred choice of many managers because they do not want to go through the rigours of having to place themselves under the scrutiny and investigative discipline the law when money is borrowed such as the banks request for a feasibility study to determine if the company will be able to pay their loans when the due date arrives (Ferri and Jones, 1979;pp. 631-644). Likewise, the company will not have to go through the difficulty of submitting to the stock exchanges and the government regulating agencies the reasons for their planned offering of stocks to the market (Mikkelson and Partch, 1986;p.31-60).But in this occurs, then the company would rather offer preferred stocks before offering the common stocks the public. For the common stock gives the investors the right to vote in the management's business plans. Whereas, most preferred stocks do not permit the stockholders to vote in the management plans. For, many managers abhor the presenting o f confidential financial statements to the lenders and general public when stocks are offered in the exchanges (Myers and Majluf, 1984; p. 187-221). For, the pecking order shows that generating funds associates the gearing ratio to the company's retained earnings which is the accumulation of the yearly net income of the company and distribution or withholding of dividends to the stockholders on record and the offer of stocks to the general public in stock exchanges (Jalivland and Harris, 1984;p.127-145).Reasonably, management will prefer to pay dividends to their stockholders and expand its business operations through additional investment from its current stockholders on record instead of offering new stocks to the general public who are complete strangers to the company (Taggart,1977;p.1467-1484). For, internally generated money will do away with the usual problems and obstacles when external money is chosen as a fund source. Furthermore, externally -generated funds like bonds and long term bank loans could place an additional requirement that all company business decisions in terms of expansion or closing down shop will have to be approved by the